Fort Laramie Treaty, 1868
ARTICLES OF A TREATY
MADE AND CONCLUDED BY AND BETWEEN
Lieutenant General William T. Sherman, General William S. Harney,
General Alfred H. Terry, General O. O. Augur, J. B. Henderson,
Nathaniel G. Taylor, John G. Sanborn, and Samuel F. Tappan, duly
appointed commissioners on the part of the United States, and the
different bands of the Sioux Nation of Indians, by their chiefs and
headmen, whose names are hereto subscribed, they being duly
authorized to act in the premises.
ARTICLE I.
From this day forward all war between the parties to this agreement
shall for ever cease. The government of the United States desires
peace, and its honor is hereby pledged to keep it. The Indians desire
peace, and they now pledge their honor to maintain it.
If bad men among the whites, or among other people subject to the
authority of the United States, shall commit any wrong upon the
person or property of the Indians, the United States will, upon proof
made to the agent, and forwarded to the Commissioner of Indian
Affairs at Washington city, proceed at once to cause the offender to
be arrested and punished according to the laws of the United States,
and also reimburse the injured person for the loss sustained.
If bad men among the Indians shall commit a wrong or depredation
upon the person or property of nay one, white, black, or Indian,
subject to the authority of the United States, and at peace
therewith, the Indians herein named solemnly agree that they will,
upon proof made to their agent, and notice by him, deliver up the
wrongdoer to the United States, to be tried and punished according to
its laws, and, in case they willfully refuse so to do, the person
injured shall be reimbursed for his loss from the annuities, or other
moneys due or to become due to them under this or other treaties made
with the United States; and the President, on advising with the
Commissioner of Indian Affairs, shall prescribe such rules and
regulations for ascertaining damages under the provisions of this
article as in his judgment may be proper, but no one sustaining loss
while violating the provisions of this treaty, or the laws of the
United States, shall be reimbursed therefor.
ARTICLE II.
The United States agrees that the following district of country, to
wit, viz: commencing on the east bank of the Missouri river where the
46th parallel of north latitude crosses the same, thence along
low-water mark down said east bank to a point opposite where the
northern line of the State of Nebraska strikes the river, thence west
across said river, and along the northern line of Nebraska to the
104th degree of longitude west from Greenwich, thence north on said
meridian to a point where the 46th parallel of north latitude
intercepts the same, thence due east along said parallel to the place
of beginning; and in addition thereto, all existing reservations of
the east back of said river, shall be and the same is, set apart for
the absolute and undisturbed use and occupation of the Indians herein
named, and for such other friendly tribes or individual Indians as
from time to time they may be willing, with the consent of the United
States, to admit amongst them; and the United States now solemnly
agrees that no persons, except those herein designated and authorized
so to do, and except such officers, agents, and employees of the
government as may be authorized to enter upon Indian reservations in
discharge of duties enjoined by law, shall ever be permitted to pass
over, settle upon, or reside in the territory described in this
article, or in such territory as may be added to this reservation for
the use of said Indians, and henceforth they will and do hereby
relinquish all claims or right in and to any portion of the United
States or Territories, except such as is embraced within the limits
aforesaid, and except as hereinafter provided.
ARTICLE III.
If it should appear from actual survey or other satisfactory
examination of said tract of land that it contains less than 160
acres of tillable land for each person who, at the time, may be
authorized to reside on it under the provisions of this treaty, and a
very considerable number of such persons hsall be disposed to comence
cultivating the soil as farmers, the United States agrees to set
apart, for the use of said Indians, as herein provided, such
additional quantity of arable land, adjoining to said reservation, or
as near to the same as it can be obtained, as may be required to
provide the necessary amount.
ARTICLE IV.
The United States agrees, at its own proper expense, to construct, at
some place on the Missouri river, near the centre of said reservation
where timber and water may be convenient, the following buildings, to
wit, a warehouse, a store-room for the use of the agent in storing
goods belonging to the Indians, to cost not less than $2,500; an
agency building, for the residence of the agent, to cost not
exceeding $3,000; a residence for the physician, to cost not more
than $3,000; and five other buildings, for a carpenter, farmer,
blacksmith, miller, and engineer-each to cost not exceeding $2,000;
also, a school-house, or mission building, so soon as a sufficient
number of children can be induced by the agent to attend school,
which shall not cost exceeding $5,000.
The United States agrees further to cause to be erected on said
reservation, near the other buildings herein authorized, a good steam
circular saw-mill, with a grist-mill and shingle machine attached to
the same, to cost not exceeding $8,000.
ARTICLE V.
The United States agrees that the agent for said Indians shall in the
future make his home at the agency building; that he shall reside
among them, and keep an office open at all times for the purpose of
prompt and diligent inquiry into such matters of complaint by and
against the Indians as may be presented for investigation under the
provisions of their treaty stipulations, as also for the faithful
discharge of other duties enjoined on him by law. In all cases of
depredation on person or property he shall cause the evidence to be
taken in writing and forwarded, together with his findings, to the
Commissioner of Indian Affairs, whose decision, subject to the
revision of the Secretary of the Interior, shall be binding on the
parties to this treaty.
ARTICLE VI.
If any individual belonging to said tribes of Indians, or legally
incorporated with them, being the head of a family, shall desire to
commence farming, he shall have the privilege to select, in the
presence and with the assistance of the agent then in charge, a tract
of land within said reservation, not exceeding three hundred and
twenty acres in extent, which tract, when so selected, certified, and
recorded in the "Land Book" as herein directed, shall cease to be
held in common, but the same may be occupied and held in the
exclusive possession of the person selecting it, and of his family,
so long as he or they may continue to cultivate it.
Any person over eighteen years of age, not being the head of a
family, may in like manner select and cause to be certified to him or
her, for purposes of cultivation, a quantity of land, not exceeding
eighty acres in extent, and thereupon be entitled to the exclusive
possession of the same as above directed.
For each tract of land so selected a certificate, containing a
description thereof and the name of the person selecting it, with a
certificate endorsed thereon that the same has been recorded, shall
be delivered to the party entitled to it, by the agent, after the
same shall have been recorded by him in a book to be kept in his
office, subject to inspection, which said book shall be known as the
"Sioux Land Book."
The President may, at any time, order a survey of the reservation,
and, when so surveyed, Congress shall provide for protecting the
rights of said settlers in their improvements, and may fix the
character of the title held by each. The United States may pass such
laws on the subject of alienation and descent of property between the
Indians and their descendants as may be thought proper. And it is
further stipulated that any male Indians over eighteen years of age,
of any band or tribe that is or shall hereafter become a party to
this treaty, who now is or who shall hereafter become a resident or
occupant of any reservation or territory not included in the tract of
country designated and described in this treaty for the permanent
home of the Indians, which is not mineral land, nor reserved by the
United States for special purposes other than Indian occupation, and
who shall have made improvements thereon of the value of two hundred
dollars or more, and continuously occupied the same as a homestead
for the term of three years, shall be entitled to receive from the
United States a patent for one hundred and sixty acres of land
including his said improvements, the same to be in the form of the
legal subdivisions of the surveys of the public lands. Upon
application in writing, sustained by the proof of two disinterested
witnesses, made to the register of the local land office when the
land sought to be entered is within a land district, and when the
tract sought to be entered is not in any land district, then upon
said application and proof being made to the Commissioner of the
General Land Office, and the right of such Indian or Indians to enter
such tract or tracts of land shall accrue and be perfect from the
date of his first improvements thereon, and shall continue as long as
be continues his residence and improvements and no longer. And any
Indian or Indians receiving a patent for land under the foregoing
provisions shall thereby and from thenceforth become and be a citizen
of the United States and be entitled to all the privileges and
immunities of such citizens, and shall, at the same time, retain all
his rights to benefits accruing to Indians under this treaty.
ARTICLE VII.
In order to insure the civilization of the Indians entering into this
treaty, the necessity of education is admitted, especially of such of
them as are or may be settled on said agricultural reservations, and
they, therefore, pledge themselves to compel their children, male and
female, between the ages of six and sixteen years, to attend school,
and it is hereby made the duty of the agent for said Indians to see
that this stipulation is strictly complied with; and the United
States agrees that for every thirty children between said ages, who
can be induced or compelled to attend school, a house shall be
provided, and a teacher competent to teach the elementary branches of
an English education shall be furnished, who will reside among said
Indians and faithfully discharge his or her duties as a teacher. The
provisions of this article to continue for not less than twenty
years.
ARTICLE VIII.
When the head of a family or lodge shall have selected lands and
received his certificate as above directed, and the agent shall be
satisfied that he intends in good faith to commence cultivating the
soil for a living, he shall be entitled to receive seeds and
agricultural implements for the first year, not exceeding in value
one hundred dollars, and for each succeeding year he shall continue
to farm, for a period of three years more, he shall be entitled to
receive seeds and implements as aforesaid, not exceeding in value
twenty-five dollars. And it is further stipulated that such persons
as commence farming shall receive instruction from the farmer herein
provided for, and whenever more than one hundred persons shall enter
upon the cultivation of the soil, a second blacksmith shall be
provided, with such iron, steel, and other material as may be needed.
ARTICLE IX.
At any time after ten years fro the making of this treaty, the United
States shall have the privilege of withdrawing the physician, farmer,
blacksmith, carpenter, engineer, and miller herein provided for, but
in case of such withdrawal, an additional sum thereafter of ten
thousand dollars per annum shall be devoted to the education of said
Indians, and the Commissioner of Indian Affairs shall, upon careful
inquiry into their condition, make such rules and regulations for the
expenditure of said sums as will best promote the education and moral
improvement of said tribes.
ARTICLE X.
In lieu of all sums of money or other annuities provided to be paid
to the Indians herein named under any treaty or treaties heretofore
made, the United States agrees to deliver at the agency house on the
reservation herein named, on or before the first day of August of
each year, for thirty years, the following articles, to wit:
For each male person over 14 years of age, a suit of good
substantial woollen clothing, consisting of coat, pantaloons, flannel
shirt, hat, and a pair of home-made socks.
For each female over 12 years of age, a flannel shirt, or the
goods necessary to make it, a pair of woollen hose, 12 yards of
calico, and 12 yards of cotton domestics.
For the boys and girls under the ages named, such flannel and
cotton goods as may be needed to make each a suit as aforesaid,
together with a pair of woollen hose for each.
And in order that the Commissioner of Indian Affairs may be able
to estimate properly for the articles herein named, it shall be the
duty of the agent each year to forward to him a full and exact census
of the Indians, on which the estimate from year to year can be based.
And in addition to the clothing herein named, the sum of $10 for
each person entitled to the beneficial effects of this treaty shall
be annually appropriated for a period of 30 years, while such persons
roam and hunt, and $20 for each person who engages in farming, to be
used by the Secretary of the Interior in the purchase of such
articles as from time to time the condition and necessities of the
Indians may indicate to be proper. And if within the 30 years, at any
time, it shall appear that the amount of money needed for clothing,
under this article, can be appropriated to better uses for the
Indians named herein, Congress may, by law, change the appropriation
to other purposes, but in no event shall the amount of the
appropriation be withdrawn or discontinued for the period named. And
the President shall annually detail an officer of the army to be
present and attest the delivery of all the goods herein named, to the
Indians, and he shall inspect and report on the quantity and quality
of the goods and the manner of their delivery. And it is hereby
expressly stipulated that each Indian over the age of four years, who
shall have removed to and settled permanently upon said reservation,
one pound of meat and one pound of flour per day, provided the
Indians cannot furnish their own subsistence at an earlier date. And
it is further stipulated that the United States will furnish and
deliver to each lodge of Indians or family of persons legally
incorporated with the, who shall remove to the reservation herein
described and commence farming, one good American cow, and one good
well-broken pair of American oxen within 60 days after such lodge or
family shall have so settled upon said reservation.
ARTICLE XI.
In consideration of the advantages and benefits conferred by this
treaty and the many pledges of friendship by the United States, the
tribes who are parties to this agreement hereby stipulate that they
will relinquish all right to occupy permanently the territory outside
their reservations as herein defined, but yet reserve the right to
hunt on any lands north of North Platte, and on the Republican Fork
of the Smoky Hill river, so long as the buffalo may range thereon in
such numbers as to justify the chase. And they, the said Indians,
further expressly agree:
1st. That they will withdraw all opposition to the construction of
the railroads now being built on the plains.
2d. That they will permit the peaceful construction of any
railroad not passing over their reservation as herein defined.
3d. That they will not attack any persons at home, or travelling,
nor molest or disturb any wagon trains, coaches, mules, or cattle
belonging to the people of the United States, or to persons friendly
therewith.
4th. They will never capture, or carry off from the settlements,
white women or children.
5th. They will never kill or scalp white men, nor attempt to do
them harm.
6th. They withdraw all pretence of opposition to the construction
of the railroad now being built along the Platte river and westward
to the Pacific ocean, and they will not in future object to the
construction of railroads, wagon roads, mail stations, or other works
of utility or necessity, which may be ordered or permitted by the
laws of the United States. But should such roads or other works be
constructed on the lands of their reservation, the government will
pay the tribe whatever amount of damage may be assessed by three
disinterested commissioners to be appointed by the President for that
purpose, one of the said commissioners to be a chief or headman of
the tribe.
7th. They agree to withdraw all opposition to the military posts
or roads now established south of the North Platte river, or that may
be established, not in violation of treaties heretofore made or
hereafter to be made with any of the Indian tribes.
ARTICLE XII.
No treaty for the cession of any portion or part of the reservation
herein described which may be held in common, shall be of any
validity or force as against the said Indians unless executed and
signed by at least three-fourths of all the adult male Indians
occupying or interested in the same, and no cession by the tribe
shall be understood or construed in such manner as to deprive,
without his consent, any individual member of the tribe of his rights
to any tract of land selected by him as provided in Article VI of
this treaty.
ARTICLE XIII.
The United States hereby agrees to furnish annually to the
Indians the physician, teachers, carpenter, miller, engineer, farmer,
and blacksmiths, as herein contemplated, and that such appropriations
shall be made from time to time, on the estimate of the Secretary of
the Interior, as will be sufficient to employ such persons.
ARTICLE XIV.
It is agreed that the sum of five hundred dollars annually for three
years from date shall be expended in presents to the ten persons of
said tribe who in the judgment of the agent may grow the most
valuable crops for the respective year.
ARTICLE XV.
The Indians herein named agree that when the agency house and other
buildings shall be constructed on the reservation named, they will
regard said reservation their permanent home, and they will make no
permanent settlement elsewhere; but they shall have the right,
subject to the conditions and modifications of this treaty, to hunt,
as stipulated in Article XI hereof.
ARTICLE XVI.
The United States hereby agrees and stipulates that the country north
of the North Platte river and east of the summits of the Big Horn
mountains shall be held and considered to be unceded. Indian
territory, and also stipulates and agrees that no white person or
persons shall be permitted to settle upon or occupy any portion of
the same; or without the consent of the Indians, first had and
obtained, to pass through the same; and it is further agreed by the
United States, that within ninety days after the conclusion of peace
with all the bands of the Sioux nation, the military posts now
established in the territory in this article named shall be
abandoned, and that the road leading to them and by them to the
settlements in the Territory of Montana shall be closed.
ARTICLE XVII.
It is hereby expressly understood and agreed by and between the
respective parties to this treaty that the execution of this treaty
and its ratification by the United States Senate shall have the
effect, and shall be construed as abrogating and annulling all
treaties and agreements heretofore entered into between the
respective parties hereto, so far as such treaties and agreements
obligate the United States to furnish and provide money, clothing, or
other articles of property to such Indians and bands of Indians as
become parties to this treaty, but no further.
In testimony of all which, we, the said commissioners, and we, the
chiefs and headmen of the Brule band of the Sioux nation, have
hereunto set our hands and seals at Fort Laramie, Dakota Territory,
this twenty-ninth day of April, in the year one thousand eight
hundred and sixty-eight.
N. G. TAYLOR,
W. T. SHERMAN,
Lieutenant General
WM. S. HARNEY,
Brevet Major General U.S.A.
JOHN B. SANBORN,
S. F. TAPPAN,
C. C. AUGUR,
Brevet Major General
ALFRED H. TERRY,
Brevet Major General U.S.A.
Attest:
A. S. H. WHITE, Secretary.
Executed on the part of the Brule band of Sioux by the chiefs and
headman whose names are hereto annexed, they being thereunto duly
authorized, at Fort Laramie, D. T., the twenty-ninth day of April, in
the year A. D. 1868.
MA-ZA-PON-KASKA, his X mark, Iron Shell.
WAH-PAT-SHAH, his X mark, Red Leaf.
HAH-SAH-PAH, his X mark, Black Horn.
ZIN-TAH-GAH-LAT-WAH, his X mark, Spotted Tail.
ZIN-TAH-GKAH, his X mark, White Tail.
ME-WAH-TAH-NE-HO-SKAH, his X mark, Tall Man.
SHE-CHA-CHAT-KAH, his X mark, Bad Left Hand.
NO-MAH-NO-PAH, his X mark, Two and Two.
TAH-TONKA-SKAH, his X mark, White Bull.
CON-RA-WASHTA, his X mark, Pretty Coon.
HA-CAH-CAH-SHE-CHAH, his X mark, Bad Elk.
WA-HA-KA-ZAH-ISH-TAH, his X mark, Eye Lance.
MA-TO-HA-KE-TAH, his X mark, Bear that looks behind.
BELLA-TONKA-TONKA, his X mark, Big Partisan.
MAH-TO-HO-HONKA, his X mark, Swift Bear.
TO-WIS-NE, his X mark, Cold Place.
ISH-TAH-SKAH, his X mark, White Eye.
MA-TA-LOO-ZAH, his X mark, Fast Bear.
AS-HAH-HAH-NAH-SHE, his X mark, Standing Elk.
CAN-TE-TE-KI-YA, his X mark, The Brave Heart.
SHUNKA-SHATON, his X mark, Day Hawk.
TATANKA-WAKON, his X mark, Sacred Bull.
MAPIA SHATON, his X mark, Hawk Cloud.
MA-SHA-A-OW, his X mark, Stands and Comes.
SHON-KA-TON-KA, his X mark, Big Dog.
Attest:
ASHTON S. H. WHITE, Secretary of Commission.
GEORGE B. WITHS, Phonographer to Commission.
GEO. H. HOLTZMAN.
JOHN D. HOWLAND.
JAMES C. O'CONNOR.
CHAR. E. GUERN, Interpreter.
LEON T. PALLARDY, Interpreter.
NICHOLAS JANIS, Interpreter.
Executed on the part of the Ogallalla band of Sioux by the chiefs
and headmen whose names are hereto subscribed, they being thereunto
duly authorized, at Fort Laramie, the 25th day of May, in the year A.
D. 1868.
TAH-SHUN-KA-CO-QUI-PAH, his + mark,
Man-afraid-of-his-horses.
SHA-TON-SKAH, his + mark, White Hawk.
SHA-TON-SAPAH, his + mark, Black Hawk.
EGA-MON-TON-KA-SAPAH, his + mark, Black Tiger
OH-WAH-SHE-CHA, his + mark, Bad Wound.
PAH-GEE, his + mark, Grass.
WAH-NON SAH-CHE-GEH, his + mark, Ghost Heart.
COMECH, his + mark, Crow.
OH-HE-TE-KAH, his + mark, The Brave.
TAH-TON-KAH-HE-YO-TA-KAH, his + mark, Sitting Bull.
SHON-KA-OH-WAH-MEN-YE, his + mark, Whirlwind Dog.
HA-KAH-KAH-TAH-MIECH, his + mark, Poor Elk.
WAM-BU-LEE-WAH-KON, his + mark, Medicine Eagle.
CHON-GAH-MA-HE-TO-HANS-KA, his + mark, High Wolf.
WAH-SECHUN-TA-SHUN-KAH, his + mark, American Horse.
MAH-KAH-MAH-HA-MAK-NEAR, his + mark,
Man that walks under the ground.
MAH-TO-TOW-PAH, his + mark, Four Bears.
MA-TO-WEE-SHA-KTA, his + mark,
One that kills the bear.
OH-TAH-KEE-TOKA-WEE-CHAKTA, his + mark,
One that kills in a hard place.
TAH-TON-KAH-TA-MIECH, his + mark, The Poor Bull.
OH-HUNS-EE-GA-NON-SKEN, his + mark, Mad Shade.
SHAH-TON-OH-NAH-OM-MINNE-NE-OH-MINNE,
his + mark, Whirling hawk.
MAH-TO-CHUN-KA-OH, his + mark, Bear's Back.
CHE-TON-WEE-KOH, his + mark, Fool Hawk.
WAH-HOH-KE-ZA-AH-HAH, his + mark,
EH-TON-KAH, his + mark, Big Mouth.
MA-PAH-CHE-TAH, his + mark, Bad Hand.
WAH-KE-YUN-SHAH, his + mark, Red Thunder.
WAK-SAH, his + mark, One that Cuts Off.
CHAH-NOM-QUI-YAH, his + mark,
One that Presents the Pipe.
WAH-KE-KE-YAN-PUH-TAH, his + mark, Fire Thunder.
MAH-TO-NONK-PAH-ZE, his + mark,
Bear with Yellow Ears.
CON-REE-TEH-KA, his + mark, The Little Crow.
HE-HUP-PAH-TOH, his + mark, The Blue War Club.
SHON-KEE-TOH, his + mark, The Blue Horse.
WAM-BALLA-OH-CONQUO, his + mark, Quick Eagle.
TA-TONKA-SUPPA, his + mark, Black Bull.
MOH-TOH-HA-SHE-NA, his + mark, The Bear Hide.
Attest:
S. E. WARD.
JAS. C. O'CONNOR.
J. M. SHERWOOD.
W. C. SLICER.
SAM DEON.
H. M. MATHEWS.
JOSEPH BISS
NICHOLAS JANIS, Interpreter.
LEFROY JOTT, Interpreter.
ANTOINE JANIS, Interpreter.
Executed on the part of the Minneconjou band of Sioux by the
chiefs and headmen whose names are hereunto subscribed, they being
thereunto duly authorized.
HEH-WON-GE-CHAT, his + mark, One Horn.
OH-PON-AH-TAH-E-MANNE, his + mark,
The Elk that Bellows Walking.
HEH-HO-LAH-ZEH-CHA-SKAH, his + mark,
Young White Bull.
WAH-CHAH-CHUM-KAH-COH-KEEPAH, his + mark,
One that is Afraid of Shield.
HE-HON-NE-SHAKTA, his + mark, The Old Owl.
MOC-PE-A-TOH, his + mark, Blue Cloud.
OH-PONG-GE-LE-SKAH, his + mark, Spotted Elk.
TAH-TONK-KA-HON-KE-SCHUE, his + mark, Slow Bull.
SHONK-A-NEE-SHAH-SHAH-ATAH-PE, his + mark,
The Dog Chief.
MA-TO-TAH-TA-TONK-KA, his + mark, Bull Bear.
WOM-BEH-LE-TON-KAH, his + mark, The Big Eagle.
MATOH, EH-SCHNE-LAH, his + mark, The Lone Bear.
MA-TOH-OH-HE-TO-KEH, his + mark, The Brave Bear.
EH-CHE-MA-KEH, his + mark, The Runner.
TI-KI-YA, his + mark, The Hard.
HE-MA-ZA, his + mark, Iron Horn.
Attest:
JAS. C O'CONNOR,
WM. D. BROWN,
NICHOLAS JANIS,
ANTOINE JANIS,
Interpreters.
Executed on the part of the Yanctonais band of Sioux by the chiefs
and headmen whose names are hereto subscribed, they being thereunto
duly authorized:
MAH-TO-NON-PAH, his + mark, Two Bears.
MA-TO-HNA-SKIN-YA, his + mark, Mad Bear.
HE-O-PU-ZA, his + mark, Louzy.
AH-KE-CHE-TAH-CHE-KA-DAN, his + mark, Little Soldier.
MAH-TO-E-TAN-CHAN, his + mark, Chief Bear.
CU-WI-TO-WIA, his + mark, Rotten Stomach.
SKUN-KA-WE-TKO, his + mark, Fool Dog.
ISH-TA-SAP-PAH, his + mark, Black Eye.
IH-TAN-CHAN, his + mark, The Chief.
I-A-WI-CA-KA, his + mark, The One who Tells the Truth.
AH-KE-CHE-TAH, his + mark, The Soldier.
TA-SHI-NA-GI, his + mark, Yellow Robe.
NAH-PE-TON-KA, his + mark, Big Hand.
CHAN-TEE-WE-KTO, his + mark, Fool Heart.
HOH-GAN-SAH-PA, his + mark, Black Catfish.
MAH-TO-WAH-KAN, his + mark, Medicine Bear.
SHUN-KA-KAN-SHA, his + mark, Red Horse.
WAN-RODE, his + mark, The Eagle.
CAN-HPI-SA-PA, his + mark, Black Tomahawk.
WAR-HE-LE-RE, his + mark, Yellow Eagle.
CHA-TON-CHE-CA, his + mark, Small Hawk,
or Long Fare.
SHU-GER-MON-E-TOO-HA-SKA, his + mark, Fall Wolf.
MA-TO-U-TAH-KAH, his + mark, Sitting Bear.
HI-HA-CAH-GE-NA-SKENE, his + mark, Mad Elk.
Arapahoes.
LITTLE CHIEF, his + mark.
TALL BEAR, his + mark.
TOP MAN, his + mark.
NEVA, his + mark.
THE WOUNDED BEAR, his + mark.
WHIRLWIND, his + mark.
THE FOX, his + mark.
THE DOG BIG MOUTH, his + mark.
SPOTTED WOLF, his + mark.
SORREL HORSE, his + mark.
BLACK COAL, his + mark.
BIG WOLF, his + mark.
KNOCK-KNEE, his + mark.
BLACK CROW, his + mark.
THE LONE OLD MAN, his + mark.
PAUL, his + mark.
BLACK BULL, his + mark.
BIG TRACK, his + mark.
THE FOOT, his + mark.
BLACK WHITE, his + mark.
YELLOW HAIR, his + mark.
LITTLE SHIELD, his + mark.
BLACK BEAR, his + mark.
WOLF MOCASSIN, his + mark.
BIG ROBE, his + mark.
WOLF CHIEF, his + mark.
Witnesses:
ROBERT P. MCKIBBIN,
Captain 4th Infantry, and Bvt. Lieut. Col. U. S. A.,
Commanding Fort Laramie.
WM. H. POWELL,
Brevet Major, Captain 4th Infantry.
HENRY W. PATTERSON,
Captain 4th Infantry.
THEO E. TRUE,
Second Lieutenant 4th Infantry.
W. G. BULLOCK.
FORT LARAMIE, WYOMING TERRITORY
November 6, 1868.
MAH-PI-AH-LU-TAH, his + mark, Red Cloud.
WA-KI-AH-WE-CHA-SHAH, his + mark, Thunder Man.
MA-ZAH-ZAH-GEH, his + mark, Iron Cane.
WA-UMBLE-WHY-WA-KA-TUYAH, his + mark, High Eagle.
KO-KE-PAH, his + mark, Man Afraid.
WA-KI-AH-WA-KOU-AH, his + mark, Thunder Flying Running.
Witnessess:
W. MCE. DYE,
Brevet Colonel U. S. Army, Commanding.
A. B. CAIN,
Captain 4th Infantry, Brevet Major U. S. Army.
ROBT. P. MCKIBBIN,
Captain 4th Infantry, Bvt. Lieut. Col. U. S. Army.
JNO. MILLER,
Captain 4th Infantry.
G. L. LUHN,
First Lieutenant 4th Infantry, Bvt. Capt. U. S. Army.
H. C. SLOAN,
Second Lieutenant 4th Infantry.
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